Education †teacher Essay

Education Education, I’d have to say it’s the one thing that many students complain about everyday but inside secretly enjoy like the song â€Å"Call Me Maybe†. Even though I might not be fond of getting up at six everyday to go learn, I know many parents around the world would kill for their child to have the opportunities I have in the society I live in. I receive a world-class education, with many opportunities to further my learning at a college or university. It isn’t only the knowledge I get from these institutions that is amazing but the teachers and fellow students that are also outstanding. These instructors are very well educated and know how to teach every class with the right style of teaching, and I believe this is the most important part in the education process. Nelson Mandela once said, â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. † Here in the United States we are lucky enough to potentially be one of the biggest changes in the world. Compared to other countries where children are arguably set up for failure, here, in America, teachers are made to hold our hands and show us the road to success. From infancy most kids are taught the importance of education, but I don’t think people in America fully understand how fortunate they are to have the privilege of nice, well-funded schools. When I went to India with my father he would tell me how they would spend countless number of hours just copying notes off of the board because they would only have one copy of a textbook and that was for the teacher at his old school in India. Students in the United States are very lucky to be able to take home a textbook home everyday if needed. High schoolers complain about how their backpacks are too heavy because of the amount of books, and how it is a hassle. Students should actually be thankful for this because other kids around the world pray everyday that they would be able to own a textbook to take home with them. Many schools around the world, including my father’s old school, do not have attendance. Many students from Palatine High School would hear this and become very jealous, and they would never show up if they didn’t have to. I believe this is actually a great rule because this exemplifies how the United States puts you on a road to success. This rule forces students to get some type of education, and education is key in moving forward in life. It isn’t only how great the knowledge we are learning is, but also how great the teachers, and fellow students are. It is incredible how nice teachers are in the United States. Teachers at Palatine High School are always willing to stay after school, come before school, meet during lunch, or do whatever they possibly can do to help you learn the material. On Tuesday my Psychology teacher came in at 7 AM just to help me and one other student prepare for a test. For only two kids my teacher came in over an hour earlier than she had to. Now that’s amazing. This is not only a few teachers, but all teachers are like this and it amazes me everyday how much our Palatine High School staff actually cares about its students. Comparing this to some other countries where teachers can hit and abuse students, it’s essentially comparing black to white. Next is the type of classroom setting and they way teaching is done, and how this helps students learn. In all of my classes if a life lesson can be taught a teacher will never think twice before taking time out of the lesson plan to help us, all the students in the long run. An example of this would be in my English class where tangent conversations about the topic at hand turn out to take the whole class period. It is amazing how my teacher facilitates these conversations to not only pertain to the topic we are learning but also life lessons. Every day and every year at school I am exposed to multiple different teaching styles and I have noticed that certain types of classes are taught the best with certain teaching styles. Personally some classes are naturally harder for me while some are naturally easier. This maybe due to the curriculum we are learning, but this is also due to how the teacher teaches. There are generally four types of teaching styles. There is formal authority, demonstrator, facilitator, and delegator. First is the formal authority teaching style. â€Å"This style is generally teacher-centered, where the teacher feels responsible for providing and controlling the flow of the content and the student is expected to receive the content† (â€Å"Teaching Styles Categories†). I believe this type of teaching works best with science and math classes because in science and math classes we learn brand new material which we don’t have much past experience with so it is necessary for the teacher to translate the information or else we would never really get to what is important. For me in physics class the formal authority teaching style works great by having the teacher give us notes to take on what is the important information on each concept which is vital to know. Next is the demonstrator. â€Å"The demonstrator teaching style run teacher-centred classes with an emphasis on demonstration and modeling. This type of teacher acts as a role model by demonstrating skills and processes. Then as a coach/guide in helping students develop and apply these skills and knowledge† (â€Å"Teaching Styles Categories†). I believe this type of teaching would work best in a world language. In a world language it is important to know the fundamental origins of what you are learning, and how what you are learning actually works. In a world language by seeing multiple examples of something complicated, you are able to analyze it and understand every part to it, which in the end helps you become at an expert at it. An example of this would be from Spanish last year where I did not understand how to use the subjunctive form, but with help from my teacher and him showing every part to it I was able learn the concept of the subjunctive form and ace the quiz. After this is the facilitator model teaching style. â€Å"Teachers who use the facilitator model tend to focus on activities. This teaching style emphasizes student-centered learning and there is much more responsibility placed on the students to take the initiative for meeting the demands of various learning tasks† (â€Å"Teaching Styles Categories†). I think this works best in an English class. I say this because in English we have learned a lot of what we need to know from past English classes. So to reach the next level in English students need to be able to pick out key concepts by themselves and argue why that concept is important. I have seen a lot of this in my English class, and I have noticed that the class has grown with this skill because our teacher does a great job facilitating class conversations se we get to what we need to know with as little interruption from the discussion. Lastly there is the delegator teaching style. â€Å"Teachers who teach with a delegator teaching style tend to focus on activities. This teaching style emphasizes student-centered learning and there is much more responsibility placed on the students to take the initiative for meeting the demands of various learning tasks† (â€Å"Teaching Styles Categories†). I believe this teaching style lends itself to the social studies because you are able to understand a lot of the key terms after seeing them in real life examples. In my psychology class you can sit through class and still get by, but to fully understand the concepts a student must apply himself during experiments and videos to be able to see the key terms in real life examples. These teaching styles are never limited to just one in a classroom and can be combined to further a student’s education and to help a student learn and retain information better. Even though we have all these nice privileges and opportunities at schools in the United States, I believe this feeds a flaw. This flaw is the lack of wanting an education in students. I think since many students don’t actually know how lucky they are to have the opportunities they do here in the United States, their respect and importance for education in their lives is decreased. This is due to the fact that the American education system has formed society to believe that education for everyone is the norm, when in reality this is far from the truth. When education should be growing in importance to future generations it is only decreasing in importance. This is shown by comparing how much money the United States spends on education funding to student performance. The United States is the country that spends the fifth most per a student on average, spending about 12,550. 24 dollars per student (â€Å"Class size, teacher’s pay and spending: which countries spend the most and pay the least in education? †). However, the United States only places 17th in the developed world for education (â€Å"Best Education In The World†). Comparing the United States’ policy of education to other countries, maybe there are some changes to be made. A country the United States could use as a role model would be Finland, the number one ranked country for education (â€Å"Best Education In The World†). Finland’s excellence is due to a succession of reforms starting in the 1970s (â€Å"What We Can Learn from Finland’s Successful School Reform†). These reforms were based off of five strategies which were getting resources for those who need them most, high standards and supports for special needs, qualified teachers, evaluation of education, and balancing decentralization and centralization (â€Å"What We Can Learn from Finland’s Successful School Reform†). First off by getting resources to the people who need them will allow all the people in the United States to get an education, which will surely increase the Untied States’ average. Many people cannot get a higher education because they cannot afford it, but by giving them the resources to get a higher education the US will be able to higher their educational level. Unlike the United States in Finland Ninety-eight percent of the cost of education at all levels is covered by government rather than by private sources (â€Å"What We Can Learn from Finland’s Successful School Reform†). Next, by increasing the standards and supports for special needs will enable students to increase their knowledge and give them the chance to show it. Another thing the United States needs to do is get more qualified teachers. Even though this is not really a problem in district 211, I believe this a big factor holding back students from their full potential. I believe that this is a crucial step in the nation taking a step forward because unqualified teachers are unable to help a students learn the material needed to bring the Untied States to the next level of educational success. The next thing is the United States has to do is evaluate education, everything from the purpose to how it is tested. Many small changes such as taking away honors classes and â€Å"regular† classes will force students to work harder in a normal class. This also will not discourage any students who were trying to get into an honors class and did not make it. The common curriculum will allow everyone to get a higher learning and not only a few kids who did well on one test to put them in a higher class. This will also help create a friendly yet competitive environment for school. This success of this reform has already been shown, â€Å"At the beginning of the 1970s, Finland launched reforms to equalize educational opportunity by first eliminating the practice of separating students into very different tracks based on their test scores, and then by eliminating the examinations themselves† (â€Å"What We Can Learn from Finland’s Successful School Reform†). Another thing that will help take the next step in education is taking away many standardized tests such as the ISAT, PSAT, ACT, and etc. Instead of trying to focus on bringing students up to a low national level, by decentralizing and giving power to more highly trained local teachers would allow the US to bring the whole national average up. In Finland, â€Å"Over the past 40 years, Finland has shifted from a highly centralized system emphasizing external testing to a more localized system in which highly trained teachers design curriculum around the very lean national standards† (â€Å"What We Can Learn from Finland’s Successful School Reform†). This will allow teachers to teach the way they believe the students will learn better and this makes the job easier for both the teacher and the students. All of these tactics have worked for Finland as we see the change from 1970 once it broke free of the Soviet Union to where it has come now. Even though the change in the American education system will not be immediate, I believe it is possible to bring change and to higher the level of education in the United States. In the end I believe the American Education system is one of the greatest things the nation has to offer its people. Even though it has its flaws the United States’ education system is doing something right because the US is the country with the number one GDP. The American education system is something that is very unique, and something students in the United States should use to their full potential. Works Cited Hammond, Linda D. â€Å"What We Can Learn from Finland’s Successful School Reform. † Nea. org. NEA, Oct. -Nov. 2010. Web. 14 Jan. 2013. Rogers, Simon. â€Å"Class Size, Teacher’s Pay and Spending: Which Countries Spend the Most and Pay the Least in Education? † The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 28 Apr. 2011. Web. 14 Jan. 2013. Stein, Jennifer. â€Å"Teaching Styles Categories. † Teaching Styles Categories. 13 Apr. 2001. Web. 14 Jan. 2013. Zhao, Emmeline. â€Å"Best Education In The World: Finland, South Korea Top Country Rankings, U. S. Rated Average. † The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost. com, 27 Nov. 2012. Web. 14 Jan. 2013.

Goethe’s plotting Essay

In the intellectual history of Europe, Johann Wolfgang yon Goethe is central to the development of Romantic thinking, which was contemporary in his day. Goethe attempted to see the world in a new light; he reconsiders old questions of good and evil, as well as questions about human nature. The story of Faust allows such considerations. Romantics strive for something beyond their reach, beyond anyone’s reach. Contentment is not their goal. One place that we see Faust’s striving is in his conversation on â€Å"unrest† with Wagner (699-702). Just as Wagner illustrates the normal academic who thinks that books hold all the answers he needs, Faust as a Romantic has come both to realize the limitations of what’s in books and to be unwilling to accept those limitations. Wagner thinks Faust should enjoy the reputation he has as a doctor among the peasants, but Faust knows the reputation is a sham. He and his father were in truth helpless against the ravages of the plague (although they obviously at least comforted the sick). Faust’s aspirations permit him to make a bargain with Mephistopheles, especially since a part of the bet involves Mephistopheles’ belief that Faust will eventually enjoy contentment. Rather than seeking knowledge, which had been a goal of the Faust of German and English tradition, Goethe’s Faust seeks experience and feeling. This also makes his quest apart of the Romantic tradition. The Romantic hero must approach life’s mysteries by active participation, not by reflection. When Faust and Mephistopheles see the witch for her medicine, what Faust wants is youth, so that he can experience what he may have missed while he was absorbed in his studies. And what he comes to want then is Margaret, the peasant maid who looks like a beauty to the revitalized man. The Romantic has spiritual goals, but they’re usually outside of conventional religions. We see this most directly in the scene between Gretchen and Faust. She wants him to be a Christian, but Faust’s spirituality cannot be contained by dogma. To follow this Romantic thread, think of Christianity as a revealed religion, embraced by the European and German society of the time. It made many late eighteenths and early nineteenth century people feel safe and secure. You can see how this picture of comfort might fall outside of the Romantic’s striving, since he seeks a mystery beyond the conventional. The Romantic hero must be willing to break free of bounds, no matter the consequences. Another key romantic characteristic is a faith in nature as a creative source, as both a source of comfort and energy. Faust expresses his enthusiasm early when he contrasts the value of experiencing nature with the deadness of books (685). What impresses him about Easter is the revitalizing force of spring rather than the story of Jesus (695-6). It is the exalted spirit of nature that he credits with allowing him to penetrate Gretchens heart, and that he credits with giving him the companion Mephistopheles 747-48 -48). Conclusion Besides a faith in nature, romantics idealize childhood and women, seeing in them a purity and honesty of emotions that are difficult to attain in the intellectual and adult worlds. This romanticism can be seen in Goethe’s plotting, as he has the church bell remind Faust of his childhood so that the character does not commit suicide early in the play. Also, the love affair with Gretchen leads to the drama’s climax. References Faust Supplemented Study Guide: Retrieved from World Wide Web http://faculty. southwest. tn. edu/llipinski/ENGL2320T201/content/lesson18_handout. htm Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Faust, Publisher, Oxford University Press, 1998.

Local Area Networking Technology - Primary School Assignment

Local Area Networking Technology - Primary School - Assignment Example In the primary school being analysed in this case, there is the need to keep the communications of pupils separate from that of the staff members. This would be possible with the use of a DiffServ domain, which entails a group of routers for implementing common DiffServ policies that are administratively defined. To do this, it is important to start by analysing the traffic flow of the LAN in the primary school. The general definition of network analysis is the calculation of the amount of data sent or received over a network within a given period of time. In this regard, it would be possible to control the amount of data used by each category of users. The network traffic in this case would be subjected to both classification and conditioning. It would be done by involving various parameters like source address, the destination address, traffic type, as well as specific traffic class. The traffic classification would be based on DiffServ markings in the received packets. It would be possible to ignore or override the markings. Essentially, the significance of analysing the traffic flow is to determine the bandwidth usage on the LAN network while conducting objective data analysis with the aim of performance tuning, volumetric planning and updating the hardware in use. The traffic flow analysis is performed using analysis software. All the data sent over a given network forms a fraction of data traffic regardless of the source and the purpose it performs (Wong, & Yeung, 2009, p.122). Survey over the set-up of the primary school will allow decision making on the port densities as well as the rate of switch forwarding, hence reaping maximum results. Traffic analysis tools will be highly essential in projecting the trend of data flow over LAN network in order to determine the content accessible to the school pupils and what

Listening Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Listening Assignment - Essay Example ue Note Label recording company and it had a unique characteristic of being comprised of young players such as Bobby Timmons and Lee Morgan who played for the band in their early twenties . The band leader Art was commonly known for his hard hitting style of drumming and together with his band he made a revolution of bebop and later oversaw its transition into hard bop style of jazz (Lesslie 23). They toured many parts of the world such as the Netherlands, Japan, France and Belgium where they enjoyed a large fan base. In 1958, the band made a memorable live performance in Brussels Belgium where they performed tracks such as â€Å"Just By Myself†, â€Å"Moaning†, â€Å"I Remember Clifford†, â€Å"A Night In Tunisia†, â€Å"It’s You or No One†, â€Å"Whisper Not†, and â€Å"NY Theme† (Lesslie 36). This paper will focus more on the performances of the first four listed tracks, giving a vivid description of the performance, the various jazz styles the players incorporate in each of the tracks and also the role of the instruments used in the tracks. â€Å"Just By Myself† was a live jazz performance in 1958 by Art Blakey & the Jazz Messengers in Olympia Paris. A Benny Golson’s composition, â€Å"Just By Myself† was the opening performance of the Olympia concert. The band members are looking sharp with black suits. The five-minute performance starts right on the melody by a powerful drumming by the band’s leader and drummer Arthur Blakey who is rested sitting behind a Gretsch sparkle set. The song’s style is soft jazz and the piano sets the mood for smooth transitions of the bass guitar and the piano. Lee Morgan is the first soloist, his pitch and tone is spot on for twenty-year old musician. Benny Golson’s who is the second soloist starts with his famous long lines and quickly progresses with short quicker ones. He appears forceful, but rich in content. Bobby Timmons who is the final soloist appears more boppish than usual, but his skill on the keys is exceptionally

Media Assigment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media Assigment - Essay Example This paper stresses that as per Alberta Human Resources and Employment, for such a dynamic profile of the job, editors may exhibit the following characteristics: and ambition, excellent writing and research skills, the ability to criticize effectively, organization and time management skills, decision-making and leadership skills, the ability to work well under time pressure. As the report declares the editors are required to plan, coordinate work with other, analyze information, solve problems and negotiate with writers and others. The job is multidisciplinary in nature with persons from a variety of backgrounds qualifying as editors. Citing the case of newspapers, there are written statements to define ethical standards. The job of journalists is to gather information, to validate it, and also to sort facts out of a mass of information, not only voluminous but often unintelligible. This process of selection and synthesis implies choices which will alter reality. People often blame the media for over-simplification and lack of nuances. But efforts at simplification are part of the job. Almost by definition, to inform is also to deform. News describes information that is new. The concept has a deep meaning because it implies that what is not new, or different, or significant is not news. By definition, news is a breach of continuity and a breach of normal ity as may be describable by events such as crises, fights and changes that are not part of normal daily life.

CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS - Research Paper Example It helped in the flow of the populace and provides reinforcement against incursion. The concepts were exported to the New World, as William Penn, the founder of Philadelphia city came up with gridiron plan in outlining the streets and a major portion of land flexible to quick change in land utilization. This resulted in contemporary planning of the cities so as to suit the needs of the inhabitants. After the first war that happens in the world, the country was destroyed resulting in finances channeled to retrofitting the American towns towards the launch of the automobile business. These required finances as the cost of expenses were high. In the year 1920, the country underwent a great depression and the worst hit trade was the building industry. This led to stagnation of buildings across the towns. The recent changing trends play a major role in influencing modern urban designs. The changes sweeping the planning profession have come up with an ideology about urban design as a profession away from the normal concept that entails societal issues and guiding principle. It is important for the contemporary designers to come up with varied knowledgeable designs that suit the urban environment. Public realm proposal is another aspect that should be taken into account when planning the modern cities. Spaces between the constructions should be considered when building houses. The spaces are linked to culture, the people’s behavior, security, accessibility and commerce. Consequently public realm is a vital aspect in urban designs. A high-quality development initiative should consider energy effectiveness and biodiversity. Conservative development preparation forms the basis for environmental policies hence the need for the implementation. Designers should encourage the development of ecological improvement together with the urban design doctrines. The movement advocated for striking cities as it believed that a nice city is conducive for the

Joseph Kony Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Joseph Kony - Term Paper Example This paper therefore presents a qualitative research using both primary and secondary data to examine the opinions of the public to the issue. The Primary data is gathered from 5 students using questionnaires. Secondary data is gathered from various internet websites and journals that analyze opinions on this issue. The opinions gathered in this research showed that has expressed mixed reactions to the issue, with some supporting it and others do not. Various arguments are advanced in support of the different perspectives of the public. Joseph Kony is the head of a Ugandan Guerilla group known as Lord Resistant Army (LRA). This group was formed in 1987 with an agenda of overthrowing the government of Uganda. According to Ksilvers (2012), this group enjoyed massive public support initially. However, this changed after the group turned against its own supporters in the process of trying to turn Uganda into a theocracy. Kony is a superstitious leader who claims that he is a spirit medium and a spokesman of God. He believes that if he succeeds in overthrowing Ugandan government, he can create a more suitable government based on theocracy and guided by the biblical Ten Commandments. His soldiers have crosses painted on their chests and believe that this will protect them from bullets. Unfortunately, the actions of this group directly contrast the requirements of biblical principles. However, though as the survey portrays most people did not know Kony before his indictment by the ICC, Kony remains as the biggest threat t o peace and stability in Norhtern Uganda, having carried out massive abductions and killings in his guerrilla tactics. As noted earlier, LRA, originally called United Holy Salvation Army (UHSA) was established in 1987. Its agenda was political and the ruling party, the National Resistant Army led by Ugandan President did not perceive it as a threat

Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Human resource management - Essay Example Recruitment and selection Hiring and firing forms one of the basic and core functions of HR practitioners. It mainly deals with identifying potential applicants for present as well as future openings. They are also involved in assessment and evaluation so that efficient placement and selection decisions are made. Establishing procedures and policies for recruitment and hiring in another area dealt with the HR managers in an organization (Tyson, 1995). 2. Benefits and compensation The second core function handled by HR department is compensation and benefits management. Their job is providing a rational method for determination of right payment for right jobs. Since it is a critical component of the business, the function is entirely managed by HR managers. It is also related to employee development and incentive program. 3. Training and development Training and development is another vital function in an organization. The HR practitioners are involved in creating training and develop ment programs which are aimed at solving issues such as employee performance, skills enhancement, increasing expertise and overall personality etc (Chan and Scott-Ladd, 2004). HR managers have special expertise in program evaluation and unlike other managers; they are able to utilize employee feedback in a better manner. Training and development is an important function which assures that employees are capable of job performance at acceptable levels (Nasiripour and Kazemi, 2012). 4. Performance management Performance management is the ability to effectively manage the overall performance of employees in an organization. Implementation and establishment of a complete performance management program is an essential function. Designing the process, reviewing, maintaining and effective monitoring is a challenging task and requires expertise. Coaching managers about the use and implementation of performance management programs is also an essential function of the HR team (Hughes and Rog, 2008). Literature The current business environment is dominated by globalization and internationalization. Organizations have become multinational and cross-cultural teams are common in firms. The current challenge of HR practitioners is to create new strategies and meet the ever increasing expectations and challenges as a result of the continuous evolution. They are also expected to create and add value to the organization. In the following sections external and internal factors and their effect on the overall HR functions will be discussed. Influence of external factors on HR functions Political In political terms, the external factors which can influence the work of HR practitioners as well as HRM functions are trade unions. Trade unions are officially recognized employee associations, joined together as a collective and united front voice in order to deal with management issues. The objective behind these trade unions is to secure the economic and social interest and well-being of the members of the organizations. Since trade unions become an additional party in relationship between employees and the company, they are considered as external influencing factors (Jackson and Schuler, 1995).Various laws are associated with union laws. Trade unions affect the HR laws and functions in various ways. Management has less flexibility and discretion while administering and implementing HR procedures, policies and practices while communicating with unionized

Hobbes and Lockes Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hobbes and Lockes - Term Paper Example This section compares and contrasts Hobbes’ and Locke’ political theories on the nature of consent and contracts, where they have similar beliefs because they both think that consent is needed to form valid contracts. Hobbes and Locke share similar views on why consent and contracts are needed to cope with the State of Nature. Consent means that people are willing to leave the State of Nature to form a civil society that will serve communal needs and interests. Hobbes asserts that a covenant is needed to create a civil society that evades the State of Nature. He employs several terms to explain the roles of citizens and the Sovereignty in civil society. He uses the understanding of consent in relation to the status of the Sovereign as an Artificial Person by showing, that, by public consent, someone becomes an Artificial Person that has greater power than a natural person. Hobbes describes a person as someone â€Å"... ... Hobbes argues that the Secondary State of Nature can allow the making of a valid contract because it concerns obligations and includes God as the source of enforcing power of laws: â€Å"All therefore that can be done between two men not subject to Civil Power is to put one another to swear by the God he feareth.† Because of their belief in God, they can agree on making and following a contract. Apart from fear of the State of War, Hobbes maintain that people have to give consent to create contracts. He notes that the covenant binds people upon their recognition of the Common-wealth: â€Å"I Authorize and give up my Right of Governing myself, to this Man, or to this Assembly of men, on this condition, that thou give up thy Right to him, and Authorize all his Actions in like manner.† People do not want to be completely alienated from each other despite the State of War, so it becomes relevant for them to confer authority on the Common-wealth as a binding Covenant. Their consent allows them to produce a Commonwealth and to accept their Sovereign ruler. Likewise, Locke believes that people consent to the social contract first before it becomes valid, and like Hobbes, he notes that people do not want a State of War, so they want to enter a civil society. Hobbes and Locke agree that consent is needed to form valid contracts and that when people are coerced to form contracts, these contracts are invalid. Hobbes says: â€Å"The cause of Feare, which maketh such a Covenant invalid, must be alwayes something arising after the Covenant made.† Locke confirms that consent must not be forced, or else, the contract is voided. Locke further believes that consent can be tacit or express; however, consent must be express to fully participate in the government. He stresses that

Roaring Twenties and the Great Depression Essay Example for Free

Roaring Twenties and the Great Depression Essay During the Great Depression people suffered from lack of work, food and hope for the country and survival. America was ready for change and an end to the depression. President Franklin D. Roosevelt‘s New Deal programs would help the economic recovery. The New Deal dramatically increased the role of the government in American life and strengthened the power of the government. The â€Å"Three R’s† of the New Deal which are Relief, Recovery, and Reform. Many of the long lasting effects of the United States economy have brought economic stability to the country. The programs of the New Deal had the three goals of relief for people who were suffering. Examples of programs that are part of the relief is that in 1933, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) federally funded and provided jobs, cheap electricity, and flood control to poor rural areas and the Public Works Administration (PWA) which provides jobs through construction projects, such as bridges, housing, hospitals, schools, and aircraft carriers. The second goal was recovery for the economy for it to grow again. Programs that are part of the recovery program is the National Industrial Recovery Act (NRA) helped businesses to recover and the Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) was created to help homeowners save their homes from foreclosures. The third goal was reform measures to avoid future depressions. In 1935 the Social Security Act is a combination of public assistance and insurance and the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) guaranteed labor the right to for unions and practice collective bargaining. Many of these programs still exist today to help many people in society. The New Deal had long lasting effects on the United States economy. The policies effects the social and ethnic groups. Native Americans were granted citizenship and tribal self-government as well as their language, customs, and religious. African Americans benefited less from the deal but later received some help and many moved from the Republican to Democratic Party. Women also did not benefit from the New Deal but more women ran for and won political office. In society and culture the Depression, the New Deal and new technology reshaped how people lived and thought. The increasing popularity in movies and radio programs, along with government supported art and writing, made the decade a productive era in American culture. President Roosevelt took many actions to combat the depression. The New Deal legacy has a huge impact in today’s society. The New Deal institutes new programs to extend federal aid and stimulate that nation’s economy. It has brought hope and gratitude from some people for the benefits they receive. It also brought anger and criticism from those who believe that it has taken more of their money in taxes and take their freedom through increased government regulations.

Role Play In English Language Teaching

Role Play In English Language Teaching The ultimate goal of foreign language teaching is to enable the students to use the foreign language in work or life when necessary. Thus we should teach that part of the language that will be used in the real world. However, this is not always the case in the present day foreign language teaching practice. The primary goal of most foreign language learning is to develop the ability to use real and appropriate language to communicate and interact with others and the goal of foreign language teaching is to extend the range of communicative situation in which the learners can perform with focus on meaning without being hindered by the attention he must pay to linguistic form[1]. But the present practice in the ELT classroom in China could not provide satisfactory conditions for both teachers and students to achieve the goals. How to let English learners feel the real language situation and context when learning English? Role-play is an effective way. 2. Functions Role-play models human interactions to provide a chance for students to exercise, creating effective and memorable experiences for learners. It places learners in a situation where they are asked to take on different roles and to accomplish their specific tasks, including problem solving. They offer an opportunity for learners to practice using the language in the right place, at the right time. The strength of role-play is that it presents an opportunity for authentic and spontaneous communication because learners are placed in realistic situations and they can have the opportunity to use and practice the sort of language, particularly the vocabulary related to that situation, so that learners are rehearsed for real life[9]. In addition, they can express what they want to say whenever the situation calls for it. In addition, role-playing is of great significance as it develops students both receptive and productive skills: 2.1 It develops students listening: while role-playing, students practice listening when trying to get information from their partners. 2.2 It develops students speaking: answering the questions according to what is heard, producing responses based on given cues, it is clear that this activity can practise speaking skills. 2.3 Promoting knowledge acquisition: Students in role-playing were found to use search and retrieval strategies more frequently than students in traditional learning situations. During the process of exchanging, there will be the information transferring from one peer to the other[2]. Individual students are able to increase their mastery during this process: During the entire process, students are motivated to search language in their vocabulary storage and select the proper language to use. For example, teaching a reading about a writers biography is usually bored and the events that the writer experienced are uneasy for students to master. In this case, after the students read and understand the article, the teacher can let a student pretend the writer and stand in front of the class to relate his or her whole life. Thus promote the students to acquire the knowledge of the writer with strong motivation. 2.4 Enhancing language proficiency: There is another significant benefit of doing role-playing. Language is the main tool for human communication. Role-play largely provides more opportunities for the students to practice their oral English. It is an ideal method of reviewing what we have learned by using it in real situation. It stimulates all the students integrated skills and thus consolidates all the language knowledge in their mind while trying to express themselves out. While others who do not involved in that activity can be easy to grasp more content knowledge even just sitting silently and listening to the performance in the classroom. 2.5 Stimulate students interests and activate classroom climate to keep students engaged in class: With role play, students act out certain situations. Teachers generally try to make these situations fun and interesting. Asking your boss for a day off, or Meeting people at a party, etc. The teacher prepares the roles so that learners always have a lot to talk about. This motivates students in learning and creates a real communication situation and offers learners plenty of opportunities to practice. 2.6 Improving social competence: the true mastery of a language involves communicative competence. While role-playing, individuals work together, they must interact with each other to promote each others success, thus increase students social skills, conflict-management and compromise. It also develops students communicative skills: while act out the dialogue, students get the chance to learn to get information from partners facial expressions, gestures and other body language thus develop students communicative skills. 2.7 Promoting interpersonal relationships: Role-play has also keen accepted to improve interpersonal relationship among students. Role-play pairs or groups help students establish and maintain friendships with peers. Students who are isolated or alienated from their peers and who do not have friends are more likely to be at risk for violent or destructive behavior in society than those who experience social support and a sense of belonging. To some extent, this interpersonal relationship also promote their academic achievements. In addition, skills of improving interpersonal relationship with other peers are the foundation for the success in their social career in future. Role-playing also has been linked to increases in self-esteem, attendance, time on task, enjoyment of school and classes, as well as a decrease in dependence on the teacher. 3.Potential problems Role-play is virtually the way we can give students chances to practice improvising a range of real-life spoken language in the classroom, and it is extremely effective if the students are confident and cooperative, but it still exists some problems when processing it specifically. l The uneasiness caused by talking in front of the class would inhibit the students to some degree. Instructors must do something to lower the inhibition first, for example, a preliminary demonstration or rehearsal before the class. Practice time can be prolonged. l From students perspective, because students are used to sitting in lecture where they are not required to talk, students may resist an activity that appears challenging and difficult and that forces them to use integrated skills, rather than being a passive learners. So teachers should stimulate their students enthusiasm by keeping encouragement, coaxing them to think and open their mouth. l It will be uncontrolled and time-consuming if students fail to prepare enough. In preparation, if certain roles did not allotted, too diffuse in responsibility will also spoil the performance. l In China, time is limited in every period class and all the classes are large sized. So it is impossible to provide a chance for all students to perform. Only a couple of students could display their performance. Others just sit in a classroom to hear and with no pressure, so they may mot pay attention to learning. l Because of the characteristics, some introvert students may feel hard to perform in front of the whole class thus influence the simulated communication. But teachers could help them to overcome step by step. Ur points out that the factors that affect the success of role-play are: the teachers enthusiasm; careful instructions; clear situations and roles; and making sure that the language they will need to carry out the role-play. 4.Guiding principles for role-playing 4.1Communication purpose[: The activity must involve the students in performing a real communicative purpose rather than just practicing language for its own sake. In order for this to occur there must be some kinds of information gap that students seek to bridge when they are role-playing. 4.2 Communicative desire: The activity must create a desire to communicate in the students .That is even if communication is forced on the students, they must feel a real need to communicate. 4.3 Prepare before performing: Rushing into a role play-activity often leads to confusion and dissatisfaction. Have students practice the task in pairs before selecting a couple of pairs to perform in front of the whole class. If acting out a short play, before students display their performance, they should be given the script or the story they are going to work on. They can choose their favorite roles or they will be allotted certain roles. 4.4 Acceptable level language requirement: The language required in performance should be lower than that used in intensive language learning activity in the same class. It should be easily recalled and produced by the participants, so that they can speak fluently. It is a good idea to teach or review essential vocabulary before the activities start. If the task is too frustrating, the students are likely to give up or revert back to the native language. 4.5 Be sensitive when correcting the students: The basic principles of error correction is to remind students of their big errors that prevent from communicating and ignore the trivial one. As to when and how to give feedback, there is no definite answer, it largely depends on the teachers long time spent in teaching and a consideration in affective and cognitive factors. Nevertheless, the instructors should put it in mind that they should do their best to avoid stifling students attempt at speaking in the target language by providing correct feedback.[3] 4.6 Clear in responsibility: Allot the roles and set up goals so as to make students clear in responsibility. Students interact in small groups, and they have less pressure but they should have clear responsibility. 4.7 Praise the actors: The students need lots of support assistance to practice English. Praise them frequently and they will be competitive and active. 4.8 Choose some proper texts: not all texts to involve role-play activity while teaching. Not all texts suit for role-play activity 4.9 Choose proper students: The first few times when the teacher organizes role-play, it is a good idea to choose some more outgoing students who will not feel inhibited while performing in public, which is also setting up demonstrations at the same time. 5.à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Conclusion In the student-centered learning process , students are given more opportunities to practice the target language and develop their communicative ability. Role-play is one of the most effective forms of English training because it puts people into the situation where they have to rely entirely on English to do their task/reach the goal that the teacher sets for them. Its also a chance to be really creative and develop interesting conversations. In general, role-play is an effective tool for students, especially in teaching some introvert students. It enables students to learn by using the target language in meaningful interactive situations. Role-play is not easy to manoeuvre, but it helps to lead to social and academic success for all students.

John Huston the Dead Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The film, The Dead, directed by John Houston, is based on a short story that takes place in Dublin, Ireland around 1904. In Ireland at this time there is much conflict between the Catholics and the Protestants, whether Ireland should be part of Great Britain or not. This narrative is intended to show life in Ireland at this time as real as possible. The music during the story is a constant reminder of the mood of the film; the music is generally sad, but when needed it is in a happier tone. Everything about the film adds to the despair that all of the characters eventually feel at some time in the film.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie ends up being a very morbid film. All of the emotions from the characters make the film have a melancholy undertone....

Consumer and Organisational Buying Behaviour Assignment :: Business and Management Studies

Consumer and Organisational Buying Behaviour Assignment Choose two adverts from the press (newspapers or Magazines) one of a high involvement good and the other of a low involvement good. Compare them while identifying the various techniques used in consumer behaviour to communicate the message. You may contact the producers of the advert. High Involvement Good: Residence Relevant Advert: Ad for Apartment in Tigne’ Point. Low Involvement Good: International Telephone service Relevant Advert: Ad for OneVoice Low-cost International phone cards International phone calls are nowadays an everyday necessity for many people living in the Western world, whether for business purposes or to keep in touch with partners, friends or relatives abroad. This is especially so in Malta since practically every Maltese person living here has relatives who have emigrated, a substantial expatriate community exists and because of the small size of the island and total absence of most raw materials, almost every kind of business necessitates frequent international phone calls. Besides, as the OneVoice advert I have chosen clearly demonstrates, international phone calls have become as affordable (and as necessary) to many people living in Malta as low cost basic food stuffs and drinks. Hence in Malta one can now consider an international phone call service as a low involvement good since most people living locally have to resort to it quite frequently and do not think much about it beyond selecting a cheap, reliable, value for money service. The OneVoice advert thus makes quite a huge issue of price and implied value for money by publicizing the cheapest rate very prominently against a bright red background and stating the service’s other desirable features against a bright green eye-catching background. The advert in fact has just the right mix of the saturated colours green, yellow, cyan, orange and red to capture attention without overwhelming people and causing visual fatigue. There is also an adequate amount of blue which is considered a rather relaxing colour associated with class and high quality and with the limitlessness and peace of sky and water. This mix of various, bright colours (a) ensures that every potential client’s tastes is, somehow, catered for at least visually (b) is locally associated with festive seasons (Christmas, Carnival, summertime) spring, fun and plenty and so gives a certain â€Å"feel good† factor to using OneVoice even though at the end of the day OneVoice is just another basic international telephone service. Conversely no indication of price range is given in the advert for Tigne’ Point properties although it is obvious that it is aimed at the international yachting community and other extremely affluent, rather

A Comparison And Contrast In Both As Worn By Hester And Dimmesdale :: essays research papers

A Comparison and Contrast In Both A's Worn By Hester and Dimmesdale The two A's worn in the novel by both Hester and Dimmesdale are dramatically different, yet they are born and made by the same identical sins. These letters are also differentiated by the infinitely changing emotional state and physical well being of the character, the towns views of morality and natural order, and the affecting environment. The two sins of most importance in the novel and that serve the greatest beneficiality in the appearance of the A's are--of course-- adultery and hypocrisy. The separation in the appearance of both of the A's begins with each characters own personal interpretation of the extremity of their sins. Where Hester's A is beautiful and artistically done ("fantastically embroidered and illuminated upon her bosom; pg.37) her interpretation of the extremity of her sins is one of self composure and nonchalantness. She views her sins solely as a "violation in the natural order" of the environment and therefore cannot even perceive her sin as being evil except through outside brainwashing. While Dimmesdale's personal interpretation as to the extremity of his own sins is a "violation of God's law," which is the law that he is totally dedicated to and supported by. Dimmesdale's interpretation of his sin is much more severe than Hester's, it is a breach and direct contradiction of his own self consciousness and physical existence. Therefore the appearance of his A, even though it is never directly described in the novel, must be raw, jagged, and brutally crooked (...a ghastly rapture; pg.95). Maybe Dimmesdale's self torture is so horrifying or inconceivable that it is either indescribable, (...too mighty to be expressed only by the eye of his figure; pg.95), or best left up to the reader's imagination. Unlike Hester, Dimmesdale, because of self interpretation, cannot in any way conceive his sins of being anything but evil. Although the appearance of the A's are proportional to the interpretation by each character; also the appearance of the A's is directly correlated between the consequences each character receives because of their sins, both Hester's and Dimmesdale's punishment is introduced through a new character and some sort of isolation. The new character's are a form of abstract contrasting where each new character is an extension of the sinner's "A" itself. Where as Chillingworth is a doubled extension of Dimmesdale's consciousness; Pearl is a contrast to Hester's creativity, patience, and composure. Dimmesdale's punishment through Chillingworth is one of mental bombardment and spiritual torture which supports the theory that Dimmesdale's A must be horrifically putrid and indescribable. Pearl's punishment towards

Cadetship

Is a grim struggle of winning supremacy over oneself. What is a parrot? Of all the queer birds i ever did see, the parrot is the one that has no secrecy. He talks to much about his life In the hut, that is why one day he was finally shot, so that a cadet without secrecy and discipline will someday meet the parrots end. What is an upperclassman? An upperclassman is a simple handshake of recognition that gives him a title of an immaculate.He Is a fully developed animal that has gone through the dim world of plebe hood. After asking the question, what is the reason of ll the sufferings under his superiors? He has endured pain, gave sweat, and came near the end of his temperament. Now, he Is the king of all kings, the master of all things, the roaring thunder of the corps. He has the strength of a bull and the growling voice of the Ilon, the fury of a tiger, the cruelty of the beast and the penetrating stare of an eagle that scrutinizes even the slightest error of a dumb guard.But these are the mere roles they have to play in the analysis of their real character, an upperclassman is a good brother, a best friend and a refined Individual who will soon become an officer and an a entleman What Is a combat Shoes? A combat shoe is but a rear extension wrapped around my foot that adds discomfort while doing the duck walk sirl Hows your wife? My wife is the simplest and the most beautiful to live with but the most complex to understand. My wife, Sir, needs constant love and care. Every day, I have to wipe her face, her breast, her body and everything below her.Often sir, I have to undress and dissect her into parts in order to ensure everything is spic and span. That is my wife sir, my wife is Cal. 5. 56, Cal 7. 62, Cal 45 and Cal. 38 Sir! What Is a Kiss? A kiss when all Is said what Is a kiss? It Is an oath of allegiance taken at a close proximity, a promise more precise a seal upon confession, a rose read upon a letter † I † In loving of an instant eternity, murmuring like a bee, a balmy communion with a flavor of a flower, a secret which elects the mouth from the ear of position or Inhaling each others heart and tasting the brink of each others lips.That Is a kiss sirl What is a coffe? A coffee is from a little branch of a humble tree that comes from a reddish bristle, shape Ilke a heart, dried under the radiating heat of the sun on the month of May Sirl I OF3 What is a Rose? Legend has it that a rose grow thorn at the same time with Venus, the goddess of sea and Jealous earth we broth forth our fairest creation. Looking at the beticali and birth of Venus, see the rose around. Rose is romance rearrange its letters and it reads Eros, the goddess of love. Hows the animal? The animal at this stage is still lost and needs more guidance from his upperclassman.But if given a few more days of a week of rapid growth and development, the animal will turn into a pony Sir! How long is eternity? If it takes a bird from outer space traveling at th e speed of a urtle and taking its time, picks a grain of sand from the earth and brings it back to the place where it came from then deposits it there and repeats the process once in a million years taking all the minute grain of sand from the earth and depositing it to the banks of galaxies of heaven and bringing them back to their proper places, eternity has Just began.I hope the lazy dumb guard will travel forth and by chinning in double timing will come shorter than the beginning of eternity sir! What is a buckle? A buckle is a piece of metal that is placed on my forehead which dds discomfort while eating at the mess hall sir! How the weather? The cold weather breeze from the majestic Laguna de Bay rolling continuously unto the enchanted slopes of Mt. Makiling as it breathes the last dew unto the portals of the academy and its exciting sight for the day long fght sir! Why rattle?The nervous system of the cadet is not yet fixed due to the confused responses from the feeble brain that was brought about by the sudden impact of the many forces uncontrolled by the vulnerable defenses of the still weak and sluggard cadet. In a addition sir, there is a sudden metamorphosis Just upon seeing the hadow of an upperclassman wherein the cadets reaction is determined whether it be right or wrong sir. Profession of Arms? Men who adopt the profession of arms submit on their own freewill to a law of perpetual constraint of their own accord.They reject their right to live where they choose, to say what they think and dress as they like. From the moment they became soldiers it needs but an order to settle them from this place to move them to that, to separate them from their families, and to dislocate their normal lives. I the word of command they must rise, they must march, they must run, endure bad eather, go without food, go without sleep, be isolated on some distant post, work until they drop, they have ceases to become the master of their own fate. If they drop on their own tracks.If their ashes are scattered to the four winds, that is all part and parcel of their Job Sir! Go placidly amidst the noise and haste and remember what peace there may be in silence. As far as possible without surrender, be on good terms with all persons. Speak your thought quietly and clearly; and listen to others, even the dull and ignorant; they too have their own story. Avoid loud and aggressive person; they are exations to the spirit. If you compare yourself to others, you may become vain and bitter; for always there will be greater and lesser person than yourself.Enjoy your achievements as well as your plans. Keep interested in your career, however humble; it is a real possession of the changing fortune of time. Exercise caution in your business affairs, for the world is full of treachery and deceit. But let this not blind you to what virtue there is. Many person strive for high ideals and everywhere, life is full of heroism. Be yourself, especially do not feign aff ection; neither be cynical about love, for in the ace of all aridity and disenchantment, it is as perennial as the grass. Take kindly the counsel of the years, gracefully surrendering the things of youth.Nurture strength of spirit to shield you in the sudden misfortunes. But do not distress yourself with imaginings. Many fears are born of fatigue and loneliness. Beyond a wholesome discipline, be gentle with yourself. You are the child of the universe, no less than the trees and stars. You have the right to be there. And whether or not it is clear to you, no doubt that the universe is unfolding as it should. Therefore, be at peace with God, whatever you conceive Him to be, and whatever your abor and aspirations, in the noisy and confusion of life, keep peace with your soul.With all its shame, drudgery and broken dreams, it is still a beautiful world. Be careful. Strive to be happy. Do you have a sister? That urging question has been languishing in myself totally and mentally pollutin g my mind. ‘ became your untaxable property and evil might besiege my family. Its sparkle will be lost to demon whom I would like to run from head unto feet after asking the question with a ten peso balance on your checking account. We might be on the same boat. Sir! , so I pose the same question, do you have a sister or aughter Sir?Hows the Cade? Sir, Cadet is a symbol of all that is bold and daring with the grand posture of a dashing gentleman with a warm and tender lips, a kiss of a great lover with the majestic smile of a victorious soldier. The masculine built of an Olympian god with the courage of a thousand warriors. He talks with the strength of a lion and gentleness of the morning winds. His personality mocks and kicks the rushing waves of the shore. His eyes are clear and tantalizing as the rays of the setting sun, in short and simple language Cdt handsome sir! is very

The Digital Divide

Education and the workplace have been revolutionized by information technology. The jobs of tomorrow will depend heavily on people's literacy with computers and the Internet. Forecasts are that by the year 2010, 25% of all of the new jobs created in the private and public sectors will be â€Å"technologically oriented† (American Association of University Women Educational Foundation Commission on Technology, Gender and Teacher Education, 2000). In both economic upturns and downturns, access to jobs will require training and competency in technology (McClelland, 2001).Yet, access to training in IT is not equitable and some people have greater access than others with the likelihood depending on the income, racial, and gender categories of which people are members. White Americans are more likely to have access to computers and the Internet than African Americans. Males have more access than females, and wealthier Americans have more access regardless of race and gender. The digi tal divide is a term that has been used to refer to the gap between those who have access to technology and those who do not; between those who have the expertise and training to utilize technology and those who do not.According to Chistopher Latimer in a report to the New York State Forum for Information Resources, social gaps in society cause the digital divide, but the digital divide, in turn, may intensify existing social gaps and create new ones. Because members of minority groups and people from lower socioeconomic groups have less access to technology, they are likely to be even further disadvantaged from attaining some of the higher positions in tomorrow's economy, widening the economic divisions that already exist. The trend is already occurring.According to a report of the National Science Foundation (Papadakis, 2000), 46. 6% of White families in the United States own a home computer, whereas only 23. 2% of African American families own one. Although computer purchase and use rose for both Whites and Blacks over the last several years, the gap between racial groups has widened. During the 4–year period of 1994–1998, Papadakis reported that computer ownership increased 18% nationally, but the gap between Blacks and Whites widened by an additional 7%. The gap seems to persist at the college level.For instance, the Office of Institutional Research at a community college in northern Virginia polled the commuter–oriented student population and, even among this group, computer ownership was higher among White students than it was among Black students. Socioeconomic status also plays a large role. Of Americans with incomes of under $15,000, 12. 7% have computers in their homes. The percentages climb steadily with income such that families who earn more than $75,000 annually have a 77. 7% likelihood of owning a computer.The racial variable is often confounded with income, because Blacks and Hispanics make up a larger proportion of the lo wer income groups than do Whites. Nonetheless, some racial differences continue to exist, even when income is statistically removed from the phenomenon. For example, the lowest likelihood of computer ownership is for Black households whose income is below $15,000 (7. 7%). For all families earning less than $35,000, the percentage of White households owning computers is three times greater than the percentage of Black families and four times greater than the percentage of Hispanic families.It is not only crucial that everyone has the access and knowledge to use computers and the Internet for the jobs for which they will compete upon finishing school, but it is also critical for school performance itself. Survey data from a large number of eighth–grade students in the United States. They specifically noted the relationship between children’s having access to a computer at home and their scores on standardized tests. They found that reading and math scores were related to home ownership of computers.Not surprisingly, they also found that White students were more advantaged than Black students; wealthier students were more advantaged than poorer students. More surprisingly, the data showed that, controlling for the number of households who had computers, wealthy students obtained more of an advantage from their computer ownership than did poorer students, and White students obtained more of an advantage than Black students. Policymakers have good reason to worry about the digital divide. Wealth and socioeconomic status have frequently made education and employment opportunities more accessible to some than to others.Unequal distribution of wealth, even in the public sector, has created schools that are unequal in facilities, staff, and, in the end, academic performance of its students. The unbalanced relationship between race and socioeconomic status bears prime responsibility for the lower academic performance of traditionally underrepresented minor ities. The cycle perpetuates itself as underrepresented minorities are in a disadvantaged position to compete for the higher paying technology jobs of today's and tomorrow's workplace. The same precipitating factors are more difficult to glean in the case of gender.Nonetheless, compared with men, women are underrepresented in their use and ownership of computers. Women take fewer technology classes in high school and college, are far less likely to graduate college with degrees in IT fields, are less likely to enroll in postgraduate technology fields, and are underrepresented in the higher end of technology jobs. A recent study by the American Association of University Women (AAUW, 2000), for example, highlights how the vast majority of girls and women are being left out of the technology revolution.The AAUW report shows that women and men are using computers as a â€Å"tool†Ã¢â‚¬â€œfor accessing the Internet, using e–mail, and using word processing programs–at equal rates. However, there is a striking disparity in the number of women and men who are participating in the technological revolution at a more sophisticated level, the level that will allow them to be equal and active participants in the computer revolution that is taking classrooms and workplaces across the world by storm. Much of the debate about the digital divide has centered on the question of who has access to computers and the Internet.A series of studies by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA, 1995, 1999, 2000, 2002) revealed that those in low-income, low-education, minority-racial, and rural location groups have unequal access to the new technologies. The most recent NTIA (2002) report indicated that the gaps in access are narrowing. However, this chapter argues that a number of fundamental aspects of the digital divide persist, above and beyond access issues. It examines continuing gaps that underlie the digital divide from a case study of Austin, Texas.A highly wired city, Austin reveals the social and cultural barriers that remain in place when most conventional remedies, such as public access centers, Internet-connected schools and libraries, and computer training programs, become fairly widely available. So far this discussion of the digital divide has taken a structural point of view. Many analyses point to income as the key issue in access, which leads many to assume that when computers and Internet access become cheap enough for all income levels can afford them, and then lower income consumers will, as a matter of course, adopt and use them.However, both the national NTIA research and the recent Texas study showed that, particularly within lower income populations, ethnicity is still related to less frequent use of the Internet. Economic structures related to class are crucial in limiting access to media, but culture, as indicated by ethnic differences, remains important. Bourdieu (1980, 1984, 1993a) intro duced the concepts of habitus, field, and capital to elaborate the continuity, regularity, and regulated transformation of social action that solely structural explanations fail to account for, such as technology use by individuals and groups.He described habitus as a set of dispositions that create â€Å"durable† and â€Å"transposable† practices and perceptions over a long process of social inculcation. The similarity of dispositions and practices experienced by members of the same social class constitutes class habitus for Bourdieu (Johnson, 1993). Such shared orientations help explain why groups acquire and hold dispositions against the use of certain technologies like networked computers, even when those technologies become accessible and receive favorable publicity in the media.During the past decade, the Department of Commerce has conducted research on the extent of Internet access throughout the United States. Their initial studies warned of a growing digital d ivide, particularly when the data factored in demographic variables such as race and income. Inspired by studies such as these, local, state, and national organizations emerged to close the gap, to ensure that most (if not all) Americans enjoy access to the Internet in the same manner as they do basic services such as water and electricity.What progress has been made since those earlier warnings? To answer that question the Commerce Department's National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), conducted a survey of about 57,000 households in September 2001, releasing their findings in 2002. Their results inspired many observers to conclude that efforts to close the digital divide have largely succeeded but that important work remains. Internet access has become an essential component to public life for most Americans.Indeed, the Commerce Department found that in September 2001, 174 million Americans (two thirds of the population) were online. Moreover, during the t ime of their study, they found that roughly 2 million more Americans go online every month. Many of these new Internet users are children, the fastest growing group in the study. Already, three fourths of all teenagers use the Internet for study, socializing, and entertainment. Just think, a mere decade ago, Internet usage was a rarity, a research tool for scientists or a plaything for the wealthy.Now the Net has wired itself into the fabric of our lives through stand-alone computers, personal data assistants, mobile phones, mall kiosks, and a growing number of other means that allow virtually anyone to go online from virtually anywhere. The Internet and ICTs are at present accessible to only a very limited proportion of the world s population. The diffusion of the communication networks is not uniform between countries or even within societies.Indeed, it is estimated that not even half of the people on the planet have ever made a telephone call. This uneven access to the new media is believed to be giving rise to a digital divide between the information-rich and the information-poor. For some privileged groups life-chance opportunities may be significantly enhanced by access to the Internet through greater bandwidth and high-speed connectivity. For the majority of less well off, access may be non-existent or at best limited to slow telecommunications links.As the rate of development of ICTs becomes faster and the competitive advantage to the information-rich increases, it is possible that the digital divide will act to reinforce and even extend existing social and material inequalities between people. Community informatics (CI) is the application of information and communications technologies (ICTs) to enable community processes and the achievement of community objectives including overcoming digital divides both within and among communities. But CI also goes beyond discussions of the digital divide.It goes on to examine how and under what conditions ICT acce ss can be made usable and useful to the range of excluded populations and communities and particularly to support local economic development, social justice, and political empowerment using the Internet. Thus a framework is emerging for systematically approaching information systems from a community perspective that parallels MIS in the development of strategies and techniques for managing community use and application of information systems closely linking with the variety of community networking research and applications.This is based on the assumption that geographically based communities (also known as physical or geo-local communities) have characteristics, requirements, and opportunities that require different strategies for ICT intervention and development from the widely accepted implied models of individual or in-home computer/Internet access and use. Because of cost factors, much of the world is unlikely to have in-home Internet access in the near future.Thus CI represents an area of interest both to ICT practitioners and academic researchers and to all those with an interest in community-based information technologies addressing the connections between the academic theory and research, and the policy and pragmatic issues arising from community networks, community technology centers, telecenters, community communications centers, and telecottages currently in place globally. The types of communities we are concerned with are those suffering economic and social disadvantage relative to other groups and neighborhoods within the city, town, or region.These are the communities in which the level of earning potential and capacity for income generation is poor. Unemployment figures are high and educational attainment is low. Poverty and discrimination are visible. People's confidence in and aspirations for the future are low. Most of the people living in these communities find themselves on the wrong side of the digital divide for reasons not so much of ac cess (although this can certainly be a factor) but of social and economic exclusion.Within these communities too there are often large numbers of hard-to-reach groups. These are the people who are beyond the net of social inclusion initiatives and whom in terms of turning around and transforming neighborhoods and regions it is perhaps most crucial to reach. ICTs can be used as a tool for reconnecting individuals and groups. With appropriate interventions and support, the influence of ICTs on the local economy can be more positive than negative. Poor and disadvantaged communities do not have to be left behind in the digital economy.They can be information society â€Å"shapers† rather than â€Å"trailers† (Shearman 1999a). ICTs open the door to the future. Having a share in the future is not just a question of â€Å"catching up. † It means having access to the new opportunities at the same time as everybody else. It is about having the chance to be at the forefro nt, to shape the direction of local economic, social, and community development. This means going beyond the basics of Internet access and training provision. Providing access and resources is just the first step.Leaving it at that condemns these communities to a perpetual second-class existence—always lagging behind. With a bit of imagination and thought, community-based ICT projects can offer a way out of this. One way of working toward this is to promote the use of state-of-the-art technologies in community contexts. Community-based ICT projects are not normally perceived as being at the technical cutting edge of their field or pioneers in applications development. But local ICT projects can be both state-of-the-art and community based.Community enterprises like Artimedia in Huddersfield and Batley and Mediac in Sheffield develop projects that encourage people to experiment with state-of-the-art technologies. Many of the cultural projects they are engaged in require people to acquire sophisticated ICT skills such as image compression, converting sound into streamed media and output from digital format to video. It goes without saying that a medium that is increasingly adopted into society is approaching average parts of the population.However, in my view, digital divides are about relative differences between categories of people. In the 1980s and 1990s, most of these divides concerning possession of computers and Internet connections increased, as was convincingly demonstrated by the American and Dutch official statistics supplied earlier. One is free to predict that these divides will close rapidly, an argument to be dealt with later, but their existence in the present and recent past cannot be denied. The argument about cheaper hardware is correct, but only partly so. It neglects many facts like:(a) The new media add to the older mass media that do not disappear: One still needs a TV, radio, VCR, telephone, and perhaps a newspaper; low income hous eholds continually have to weigh every new purchase (with the newspaper beginning to lose); (b) Computers are outdated much faster than any of the medium and continually new peripheral equipment and software has to be purchased; and (c) â€Å"Free† Internet access or computer hardware is not really free, of course. There are nominal monthly fees, long-term service agreements, privacy selling, and low-quality service, for instance.However, the most important problem of this interpretation, and the next one, is their hardware orientation. Perhaps the most common social and political opinion is that the problem of the digital divide is solved as soon as every citizen or inhabitant has the ability to obtain a personal computer and an Internet connection. In contrast, my analysis suggests that the biggest problems of information and communication inequality just start with the general diffusion of computers and network connections.

Absorbent Mind – Short Essay

The term â€Å"Absorbent Mind† was developed during Dr. Montessori’s seven-year internment in India. During this time period Montessori was able to work with older children. This experience helped her to recognize the unique aspects of the 0-6 child’s absorbent mind. The absorbent mind is categorized into two levels. The first level is that of unconscious learning, the period from ages 0-3. The child at this stage is learning through absorption of the environment, as well as through their innate instinctual nature.The second level of the Absorbent Mind is called the conscious level, which occurs between 3-6. At this time the child becomes physically active in her environment, exploring and pursuing activities with a desire for learning. Another key component to Dr. Montessori’s discovery of the Absorbent Mind was that of the child’s creative nature. â€Å"To explain the Childs self construction, Montessori concluded, he must possess within him, bef ore birth, a pattern for his psychic unfolding. † She referred to this inborn psychic entity of the child as a â€Å"spiritual embryo†. Associated essay: Montessori: Practical Life EssayIn order for the creative nature of the psychic embryo to develop the child’s horme, or biological needs, must be protected during the unconscious stage. This atmosphere of nurturing will allow the child’s innate creative nature or psychic embryo to develop to his full potentialities. During the two levels of the Absorbent mind the child is able to absorb all things present in her environment. The child will acquire the cultural norms and language of the culture. Montessori used two analogies to describe this period of development, the sponge and the camera.The child’s mind is like that of a sponge, absorbing everything in the environment. In the camera analogy, we think of the 0-3 child having taken pictures during the unconscious stage of development. Later the O-6 child will be able to develop these â€Å"pictures† or experiences and apply them to their direct learning. The role of movement for the 0-6 c hild is critical. As the child begins to move in the environment he experiences the surrounding objects. This experience of movement will enable the child to transition from the unconscious to the conscious learner.Dr. Montessori studied many different children, from many various cultures and through her observation she recognized that all these children were undergoing the same developmental process of the absorbent mind. Dr. Montessori went on to emphasize that the power of the Absorbent Mind is universal to all children. In order for the educator to aid the development of the child, she must create a prepared environment. This environment will allow for the child’s free exploration and most importantly the activity of the hands.

The Memo Every Woman Keeps in Her Desk

Case Analysis: The Memo Every Woman Keeps in Her Desk Introduction In this case study, Liz Ames has come up against an all too common problem in business today: gender bias. Effectively managing racial, ethnic and gender diversity is not just a human resources issue; it is a serious business issue. Background The recent departure of several senior-level women at Vision Software has significantly elevated Liz’s concern for gender bias at the company. She has arrived at a point where she feels compelled to communicate her frustration to their CEO, John Clark. She has experienced some uncertainty on whether or not she should send him a memo, and has asked for advice from a colleague whom she trusts. Problem Statement Liz’s male colleague seems to be considering only whether or not he should advise Liz to send or not send the memo. The issue here is not whether Liz should communicate her message to Clark, but how and when she should communicate that message. As her colleague examines his options for counseling and supporting her, he should carefully consider how best he can help communicate the importance of addressing gender diversity at Vision Software. Analysis and Issues When the senior-level women at Vision resigned, it seems from the information in Liz’s memo that people assumed that they were choosing family over a career and therefore, management believed there was nothing that the company could have done to retain these women. However, these women may have left for better opportunities, potentially with competitors. Vision’s obvious costs of losing these employees include the loss of investment made in recruiting and training them as well as the cost of recruiting and training their replacements. Yet, the hidden cost of employee turnover is possibly even more devastating. These hidden costs include the loss of intellectual capital and the potential for the former employee to become a competitor; potential disruption in the continuity of Vision’s customer service and the associated dissatisfaction and potential loss of market share; and the negative impact on the morale, motivation and productivity of the remaining employees. If Clark is just starting to recognize the high cost of losing these seasoned employees, he should be receptive to Liz’s message and wide open to strategies for resolving the issue. However, it would most likely be a mistake for Liz to communicate the message in a memo that she alone has authored. The one-way communication channel afforded by a memo does not provide Liz with the ability to tweak her message on the fly as she receives feedback from Clark. Recommendations Liz absolutely needs to communicate the important points of her memo to Clark, but this is far too important and complex of a subject to effectively address in a memo. A subject of this level of importance and involvement is much better suited for interactive communication. Liz’s colleague should advise her to work with him and other like-minded co-workers to develop a strong business case for gender diversity that will effectively persuade Clark, convincing him that Vision will lose out on the best executives, senior-level talent and potentially new business and customers if it continues to operate in an environment of exclusionism. Then, taking it a step further, they need to convince Clark that Vision will be able to capitalize on diversity by integrating it into their business strategy and company culture. Clark needs to be able to relate to their cause and adopt it as his own. They should be sure that Clark understands that women are a rapidly growing and highly educated group from which Vision will need to recruit and develop its future leadership. Vision’s high cost of failing to address gender diversity issues will be significant, including the cost of turnover and the inability to attract and advance talented managers. In an environment of exclusionism, talented leaders of both genders will depart for better opportunities in more open and progressive companies. In order to bolster her argument for gender diversity, Liz needs to remove all of the conjecture from her message. She needs to replace any statement that begins with â€Å"I believe† and replace it with facts. She could talk with the women who resigned to find out the true reasons for their departures rather than guessing and putting words into their mouths. For example, Susan French did not receive the esteem and authority that her male predecessors enjoyed. This disparity in authority caused Susan frustration that ultimately led to her resignation. Liz needs to cite this and other specific incidents that can be corroborated. She must choose her examples carefully, selecting only those that really strengthen her case. Stories of a man commending his wife and a male coworker going home to play mom are not firm examples of gender bias, thus weaken her argument. Stories of women being closed out of meetings and purposely excluded from conversations serve well to strengthen her case. In her memo, Liz has adopted a negative and accusatory tone that could serve to alienate Clark, leading him to dismiss the message as too extreme. If Vision truly does have an atmosphere that slowly erodes a woman’s sense of worth and place, why has she continued to work there for ten years? Once Liz crafts her message to remove the negative tone and accusation, it will be much more persuasive to Clark. Over dramatizing this situation will not serve the goal of effective and persuasive communication. Conclusion/Summary Liz’s message of the importance of gender diversity is a critical one which needs to be communicated in an effective and compelling manner. Liz’s male colleague should provide her with coaching, support and corroboration to build a solid business case for developing an atmosphere of gender diversity at Vision Software. Vision’s need to develop senior-level women is a critical business management issue. Those companies that learn to manage gender diversity are able to recruit and retain the most talented managers, reduce turnover costs, respond to the changing marketplace, and, ultimately, make better business decisions. Vision will reap benefits within the company such as increased employee retention, loyalty and morale, as well as the potential for increased customer satisfaction and market share. The approach to the communication with Clark needs to be well planned and ffectively crafted. Liz needs to take a number of steps to strengthen and fortify her message, build cohesive strength in numbers with her co-workers, and then communicate the message to Clark in a positive, proactive and supportive manner. Sexist or exclusionary practices are not good for anyone in a business. Liz has taken on the task of communicating the message to senior management so she now has a responsibility to craf t a message that has the best opportunity to be heard, understood and well-received by the CEO and others in management at Vision.

Report on the net export component of the aggregate expenditures for Research Paper

Report on the net export component of the aggregate expenditures for the Manitoba macroeconomy - Research Paper Example h in exports was strong in the three year period of 2004 to 2007 but negative growth in exports was experienced by the economy partly in 2008 and more pronounced in 2009. The exports amounted to 26.7 billion dollars in 2009. In spite of the decline in export growth the economy was the third highest in terms of export value. The chart below provides the evidence of the exports of the economy over a definite time period. The exports within Canada actually increased by about 2.4% in the year 2008 but the exports to other countries suffered a decline of 3.1% in the same year. The fall in exports in 2009 is the highest recorded data since 1981. The recession and the economic slowdown was the contributing factor to the slowdown. According to the Manitoba Bureau of Statistics the economy experienced an expansion of 2.2% in 2011. However, according to the major economic forecasters the GDP will increase by 2.4% and 2.2% in 2012 and 2013 respectively. The economy experienced second best annual growth rate over the period of 2006 to 2011. The following chart shows a comparison between the expansions of the Manitoba economy with that of Canadian economy (Province of Manitoba, 2012). The investment survey conducted by Statistics Canada published the report in February, 2012. They projected the capital investment in the economy to increase by 4.7%. This rate is below the rate of growth in capital investment of Canada which is at 6.2%. The private investment is estimated to achieve an expansion of 8.3% while the public investment will increase by 3.1%. The capital investment projection was revised to an expansion by 1.5% from the forecasted value. The total capital investment increased by record amount of 11.4 billion dollars for the year 2011. In the four year period ranging from 2006 to 2010 the economy surpassed the national annual growth in capital investment. In the first half of 2012, the exports on merchandises increased by 8.5% (Baragar, 2011). During the same time the

Managing Change in Global Organizations Research Paper

Managing Change in Global Organizations - Research Paper Example In recent years, a lot of debate has centered on how global business organizations should define, enter and operate in markets. The study on which this article by John Amis and Michael Silk is based examined the thought processes and processes of senior managers at Guinness. Their findings revealed that effective management of a global brand called for strategic marketing initiatives that would enable the brand to be in sync with local realities and brands while maintaining its global status. This paper by Michael Harvey and Milorad Novicevic explores the role of global teams in the strategic initiatives of global organizations. Strategic initiatives refer to those major decisions and actions reached and taken by a global organization with a view to achieving far-reaching results. An example of a strategic initiative is rebranding. This article by Gedeon Mudacumura examines empirical studies on the participative approach to management in public and private sectors. Given the phenomenon of globalization, the author identifies the concepts of interrelationships and complexity as major challenges to management. The concept of interrelationships implies that many changes that global organizations are highly intertwined such that they cannot be addressed in isolation. Consequently, management scholars must look an approach to change management that is more suitable for global organizations. This article by Leong Choon Chiang reports the findings of a study that examined the role of management and the concerns of employees when a hotel rebrands.

Law of Patents Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law of Patents - Case Study Example Purchasing Associates, Inc. v Weitz, 13 NY2d 267, 269 (1963). It should be noted that federal courts will look to the state laws when interpreting the reasonableness of a covenant not to compete or a non competition clause. Thus the first question is where is Frothy Beer located The reason why the situs of Frothy Beer is important is because a reasonable inference of the facts indicates that part of the non-competition agreement states that jurisdiction of any dispute pursuant ot the agreement is within the United States. Judging by the information supplied, Frothy Beer is located in the United States. Because the headquarters of Awessa is located in Australia, Federal Court is the court of jurisdiction because of diversity of citizenship. Vaden v. Discover Bank --- S.Ct. ----, 2009 WL 578636 U.S. (2009). By way of example, if Frothy Beer was located in Virginia, then the federal courts would look to the state of Virginia codes in evaluating the non competition clause between Frothy and Eyus. ... Meissel v. Finley, 198 Va. 577, 579 (Va.Ct.App.1956) ("The possession of trade secrets and confidential information is an important consideration in testing the reasonableness of a restriction on competition.") (citing Stoneman v. Wilson, 169 Va. 239, 240 (Va.1937)). However, Paramount Termite Control Co., Inc. v. Rector, 238 Va. 171, 172 (Va.1989) notes that "Although often used as a justification for non-competition agreements, it is not necessary that the employees actually had acquired or possessed specific information that could be legally defined as confidential or a trade secret, ....")(internal quotations omitted). Here, the federal court would determine, in effect, whether Frothy Beer did or did not have any legitimate business interests worthy of protection. As a result, the district court's analysis of the restrictive covenant (here the non competition agreement) will likely be skewed by the fact that Eyus developed and applied for patents directly related to research and development of beer product within his first two years of employment at Awessa. II. While It Appears at First Blush That Awessa Can Enter into an agreement with U.S.B. Beer, all Environmental Issues in regards to the low carb beer production should first be resolved by Awessa before U.S.B. Beer enters into any transaction or memorandum of understanding. A patent may be awarded for either a product or a process: a product patent creates a monopoly over the manufacture, use and sale of product while a process patent creates a monopoly over the manufacture, use, and sale of a process. U.S. v. Studiengesellschaft Kohle, m.b.H. 670 F.2d

Hearing, Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Students' Satisfaction with On-line Essay

Hearing, Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Students' Satisfaction with On-line Learning - Essay Example Not only can computer technology facilitate a broader range of educational activities to meet a variety of needs for students with mild learning disorders, but also adaptive technology now exists than can enable even those students with severe disabilities to become active learners in the classroom alongside their peers who do not have disabilities. (Hasselbring, 2000) Technological accommodations often involve the use of assistive devices to help a student to communicate or to produce work output e.g. modified keyboard, a computer with a visual display and touch screen or with voice synthesizer, braillers for blind students, greatly enlarged text on a computer screen for a student with partial sight, radio-frequency hearing aids for students with impaired hearing etc. Less sophisticated aids might include school-made communication boards for students without speech, or using symbol or picture card systems for communicating. Technology has also increased the mobility and independence of many students with severe physical disabilities. The specific needs of students with disabilities are usually identified in their individual education plans (IEPs). The IEP should be seen as the main source of advice of the types of differentiation needed by the students. (Westwood, 2003) Deaf and hard of hearing students have great difficulty with phonics as it is usually taught. However, when they learn lip reading, this has a phonic basis in the speaker. If regular students are initially taught to spell phonemically, and the deaf and hard of hearing lip reading students are taught to write what they see in the same phonemic spellings, the two groups of students can communicate in writing thereby making joint educational experiences possible to some extent. (Ives, 1997) American Sign Language (ASL), the language of the deaf is not simply a translation of American English into hand symbols. It is a totally different language, unique in the sense that enables

Management Information System Lead To Efficient Services Research Paper

Management Information System Lead To Efficient Services - Research Paper Example   The problem in the Java books is the management of supply chain wherein the procured finished goods are sold to customers. Through inventory, the finished materials are recorded, stored, processed, received, and fulfilled for the effective control of operation because it establishes the consistent connection between the purchase of books and delivery.  The information system is significant in controlling the inventory of books because after it received orders, the computer-based systems will process the changes in the data. Thus, it records relevant information automatically. Shajahan (2004) asserts that the system can inform the managers of the items that must be ordered to shipping companies. The author asserted that this system aids business to ensure a high-quality of service for costumes and saves time in searching for the records in the manual system. This strategy is most preferred due to its accurate data or information provided; hence, it prevents companies from shutti ng down. Furthermore, inventory management avoids â€Å"overstocking,† which decreases expenses because of the clear picture of needed materials (Oz, 2009, p. 86). Invoicing Invoice generation refers to the issued bill of a seller to the buyer that includes the price, quantities, and scheduled date for payment (Sagner, 2011, p. 104). Ward (1995) initiates that invoicing, with the help of MIS, will avoid errors during the transaction period between the buyer and a seller. When conducting transactions, invoice design must be readable, clean, and accurate address and statements. Automated invoicing allows for designing the format that matches the criteria such as MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) or OCR (Optical Character Recognition) fonts. Thus, it will result in the efficient transaction because of accurate information indicated in the bill including discounts. Repetition and inconsistency of orders and storage prevent problems for managers. Order Fulfillment Costumer s are conscious of their time; hence, they want for a fast, accurate, and low-cost services provided to them. Through the help of MIS, the manager can attain the desires of her customers. When customers order for a specific book, the manager can check its availability on the warehouse and response immediately to their request, which increases customer satisfaction. When compared to manual management, the customer is obliged to wait until he garners the response. However, MIS "synchronize and manage the flow of materials" despite the complexity of resources (Ricker & Kalakota, 1999, p. 66). Thus, the manager can easily meet the demand of consumers and its changing preferences due to MIS. In addition, customer satisfaction increases due to the on-time distribution system. Unlike in the manual processing in Smith's bookstore, the customers were dissatisfied because the books are delivered late. With the help of inventory control system, the processing of order fulfillment is enhanced. It is noted that on-time delivery of orders signifies an efficient distribution operation. According to Ricker and Kalakota (1999), order fulfillment creates an impact on customers due to the following reasons: on-time delivery, less erroneous mistakes, and convenience in customer experience.  Ã‚